15–18 Since, the auxin signaling pathway is vital for lateral root formation, several mutants for the various modules of this pathway were developed and reported to display altered root phenotypes. 11, 13, 14 The LRs formation is mainly affected by endogenous auxin biosynthesis, polar auxin transport and auxin-dependent signaling processes. 6, 11, 12 Moreover, LRs growth is primarily regulated by extrinsic environmental signals and intrinsic developmental signals in which phytohormone auxin plays essential roles during all stages of lateral root formation. 8–10 LRs develop from founder cells in the pericycle that divide to give rise to lateral root primordia (LRP), which continue to grow and emerge to form the lateral roots. 7, 8 The development of LRs has been studied in various species, including: Arabidopsis, soybean and rice, and the number of LRs found to increase largely to enhanced tolerance to abiotic stress. 4, 5, 6 The lateral roots (LRs) architecture is a critical agronomic trait that regulates crop yield and environmental acclimation. 1–3 In the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, hormone auxin is involved in many aspects of root development including priming, initiation and the emergence of plant roots. The auxin signal stimulating compound has the potential to be used as auxin-based root inducing bio-stimulant.Īuxin is one of the several well-characterized plant hormones that act as growth regulators to control complex plant developmental processes through all the plant’s life cycle. This work leads to the molecular understanding of the role RACK1A plays in the auxin induced lateral root development signaling pathways. Taken together, auxin induced RACK1A Tyr 248 phosphorylation is found to be the critical regulatory mechanism for auxin-mediated lateral root development. In contrast, two other compounds, SD29 and SD29-14, inhibited auxin induced RACK1A Tyr 248 phosphorylation resulting in the inhibition of auxin sensitivity and alternation in the lateral roots formation. ![]() Through monitoring the auxin response in the architecture of lateral roots and auxin reporter assays, a small molecule- SD29-12 was found to stabilize the auxin induced RACK1A Tyr 248 phosphorylation, thereby stimulating auxin signaling and inducing lateral roots formation. Here, the three different small compounds are used to elucidate the role of RACK1A in auxin mediated lateral root development. Previously, a group of small compounds targeting the Arabidopsis RACK1A functional site-Tyr 248 have been developed. Many reports implicated RACK1 in plant hormone signal transduction pathways including in auxin and diverse stress signaling pathways however, the precise molecular mechanism of its role is not understood. Receptor for activated C kinase 1 (RACK1) is WD-40 type scaffold protein, conserved in all eukaryote organisms.
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